Theories
Over concept of Ethical communication and citizenship is that ethical reflects a society's notions (beliefs or opinion) about the rightness and wrongness of an act and the different between virtue and vice and it can involves the evaluation and application of those moral values that a society or culture has accepted as its norms or achievement. We also saw the three branches of ethical which are meta ethics (the study of characteristics, Normative (developing theories) and the applied (the really problem solving branch of moral philosophy). In Ethical we have values which determine good and bad behavior. We have the first principle of moral virtue which are credibility integrity and civility. In ethical we have different theories which potter Box explains more about the facts, values, principles and loyalties and the Kant's categorical imperative where by a person should act an the support that the choices one makes for oneself could become universal law.
Ethical also talks the ethical theoretical in moral reasoning Deontological (Duty-based) Teleological ( consequence-base) and virtue (Aristotle's Golden mean) and the virtue ethics can be used to determine the rightness or wrongness of an action .Also ethics based, Deontological ethics (duty based) virtue ethics (vurtue based) and communication ethics (communication based). Also in ethical communication within and across cultures, channels and media. Morever ethical communication enhance human worth and dignity by fostering, truthfulness and fairness. We also have the citizenship ancient concepts which base on democracy.
As Public Relations students, we are required to learn the importance of ethics so as to be able to apply it in our working fields. Ethics help in determining that which is right and how to go about in rationalizing situations in our environment.
Ethical also talks the ethical theoretical in moral reasoning Deontological (Duty-based) Teleological ( consequence-base) and virtue (Aristotle's Golden mean) and the virtue ethics can be used to determine the rightness or wrongness of an action .Also ethics based, Deontological ethics (duty based) virtue ethics (vurtue based) and communication ethics (communication based). Also in ethical communication within and across cultures, channels and media. Morever ethical communication enhance human worth and dignity by fostering, truthfulness and fairness. We also have the citizenship ancient concepts which base on democracy.
As Public Relations students, we are required to learn the importance of ethics so as to be able to apply it in our working fields. Ethics help in determining that which is right and how to go about in rationalizing situations in our environment.
Kant's Categorical Imperative
The Categorical Imperative is an ethical theory First proposed by Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher from the 19th century. One of its main concept is that one should act in such a way that the action taken should or would be considered universal law. For example, if one were to murder, one must first decide whether it is good to murder, and whether it is okay for everyone to start committing murder. If one does not agree to that being accepted as a universal law, then one should not indulge in such an act either.
Furthermore, Kant's philosophy also says that one should always treats others as equal members of a moral society, and to treat people as ends of themselves and not as a means to another end. One should not use or deceive another for one's own goals neither should one treat a person like an inanimate object.
Another major idea of Kant's Categorical Imperative states that one should take an action for the sake of the action itself, regardless of the goal of said action or consequences, but more for a sense of duty. For example if one was a soldier whose duty was to kill another person in war, not killing the person because of either fear or your own moral beliefs would actually be the immoral thing to do, as you have not fulfilled your duty.
The Categorical Imperative is an ethical theory First proposed by Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher from the 19th century. One of its main concept is that one should act in such a way that the action taken should or would be considered universal law. For example, if one were to murder, one must first decide whether it is good to murder, and whether it is okay for everyone to start committing murder. If one does not agree to that being accepted as a universal law, then one should not indulge in such an act either.
Furthermore, Kant's philosophy also says that one should always treats others as equal members of a moral society, and to treat people as ends of themselves and not as a means to another end. One should not use or deceive another for one's own goals neither should one treat a person like an inanimate object.
Another major idea of Kant's Categorical Imperative states that one should take an action for the sake of the action itself, regardless of the goal of said action or consequences, but more for a sense of duty. For example if one was a soldier whose duty was to kill another person in war, not killing the person because of either fear or your own moral beliefs would actually be the immoral thing to do, as you have not fulfilled your duty.
Aristotle's Golden Mean
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and student to a similarly prominent Greek figure, Plato, presented the idea of the Golden Mean. In ethical terms, the Golden Mean describe the middle point of two extremes in virtue. For example, the virtue of courage, when taken to far will result in recklessness, or if it is not taken enough, will result in cowardice, two negative traits.
The Golden Mean strives to promote the idea that morality is found in the between the aforementioned extremes and one should always take the middle route, not one of excess of deficient.The Golden Mean is the Aristotle’s rule for ethical action:
Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and student to a similarly prominent Greek figure, Plato, presented the idea of the Golden Mean. In ethical terms, the Golden Mean describe the middle point of two extremes in virtue. For example, the virtue of courage, when taken to far will result in recklessness, or if it is not taken enough, will result in cowardice, two negative traits.
The Golden Mean strives to promote the idea that morality is found in the between the aforementioned extremes and one should always take the middle route, not one of excess of deficient.The Golden Mean is the Aristotle’s rule for ethical action:
- Theory of excess, deficiency, and moderation: extremes or excesses in both directions are both fatal and morally wrong.
- The mean is equidistant from each extreme: the mean can be different for each individual.The right amount may vary with each individual. Example: How much food to eat?
- What is virtue then? Virtue is a state of deliberate moral purpose consisting in a mean that is relative to us, the mean being determined by reason, or as a prudent person would determine it.
Citizenship
Special status held by people who have the right to be in the country. It gives a sense of belonging towards ourselves where we tend to fit in. According to T.H. Marshall's theory of Citizenship, He elaborated his ideas around the three rights elements, civil, political and social rights. He argued for equality of status rather than that due to the labour market. Citizenship refers to the collection of rights and duties the position of being a citizen have. Citizenship comprises the individuals as full - fledged members of a socio- political community, which provides the individual with access to limited resources and the services that the country provides.
Special rights -
In return -
Acquiring citizenship-
Loss of citizenship -
Special status held by people who have the right to be in the country. It gives a sense of belonging towards ourselves where we tend to fit in. According to T.H. Marshall's theory of Citizenship, He elaborated his ideas around the three rights elements, civil, political and social rights. He argued for equality of status rather than that due to the labour market. Citizenship refers to the collection of rights and duties the position of being a citizen have. Citizenship comprises the individuals as full - fledged members of a socio- political community, which provides the individual with access to limited resources and the services that the country provides.
Special rights -
- vote,
- take active part in politics,
- fill in a post that is exclusive to citizens only,
- free to own land,
- right to receive benefits and facilities,
- freedom to move, right to not be exiled.
In return -
- give national service,
- abide by laws and help run the countries systems,
- contribute to productivity of the country,
- participare and support national programmes.
Acquiring citizenship-
- birth place,
- marriage,
- naturalisation.
Loss of citizenship -
- become a citizen of another country,
- shows no loyalty,
- gives service to another country without permission,
- falsely obtained citizenship,
- foreign woman who obtained citizenship and is divorced.